Yarn structure and method and apparatus for producing same



7, 1942. 5 NTER YARN STRUCTURE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINGSAME Filed Oct. 12, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Archibald Jlz%%ATTORNEY p 1942. A. s. HUNTER 2,278,379

YARN STRUCTURE AND METHODAND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SAME Filed Oct. 12,19:59 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q I IIIIWENT Archibald JIz/arz finial ATToRNEirApril 7. 19 2- A. s. HUNTER 2,278,879

' YARN STRUCTURE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SAME] Filed Oct.12, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 F1912 Ziig i ATTORNEY A ril 7, 1942. A. s.HUNTER I 2,278,379

YARN STRUCTURE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SAME Filed Oct.12, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet4 W MMW IN VE H To Arr/ 1 2Z M6711 arll/wzz erATTORNEY Patented Apr. 7, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFlCE YARNSTRUCTURE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SAME Wilmington, Del.,

a corporation of Delaware Application October 12, 1939, Serial No.299,170

1': Claims The present invention relates to a new yarn structure, and toa new process and apparatusfor the production of said new yarnstructure. More particularly, the invention relates to the production ofa yarn composed of artificial filaments and comprising compact bunchesor nubs of entangled filaments intermittently severed in the yarn andanchored to unsevered filaments of invention to produce a yarn composedof relatively long artificial filaments, which yarn will containcompactly gathered bunches or nubs of entangled filaments which havebeen severed from a continuous filament yarn, the bunches or nubs beinganchored and entwined to unsevered filaments of the yarn.

It is another object of this invention to produce a yarn composed ofrelatively long artificial filamentsof substantially uniform denier,which yarn will contain compactly gathered bunches or nubs of entangledfilaments, which have been severed from a continuous filament yarn, thebunches or nubs being anchored and entwined 3 to unsevered filaments ofthe yarn; and in which the severed filaments at one section of the yarnwill be the unsevered filaments at another section of the yarn.

It is furthermore an object of the present invention to provide asuitable process and apparatus for the production of yarn structures ofthe type referred to above.

In accordance with the present invention the novel yarn structure, abovedescribed, can be produced from yarns composed of .continuous artificialfilaments by a process comprising, in general, the following twoessential steps:

1. Periodically abrading the yarn, that is, cutting, tearing orotherwise severing (herein cornprehended by the term abrading) atintervals along the yarn, a small number of the continuous filaments ofwhich the yarn is composed.

2. Gathering or collecting, and entangling, the severed ends of thefilaments into compact It is the further purpose and object of this tbunches or nubs which are securely anchored to the remaining unseveredfilaments of thev yarn.

Several modifications of apparatus suitable for use in accordance withthe principles of the pres- 5 ent inventionare shown in the accompanyingillustrations. The following detailed description, when taken inconnection with the accompanying illustrations, will serve to disclose,in detail, the various features of the present invention. Thespecifically described and illustrated forms and modifications ofapparatus and process are not, however, to be considered as limiting theinvention thereto.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of one form of apparatussuitable for use in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a modified form ofapparatus shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 is aperspective view of one form of periodic yarn abradingmechanism.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the apparatus shown inFigure 3.

Figure 5 is a side elevational view of a portion of the apparatus shownin Figure 3.

Figures 6 and 7 are various modified forms of yarn guiding means for usein an abrading device of the type shown in Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a side elevational view of another modified form of periodicyarn abrading mechanism.

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the abrading 5 mechanism shown in Figure8.

Figure 10 is 'a diagrammatic side elevational view of still another formof periodic yarn abrading mechanism together with a severed filamentgathering or collecting mechanism.

Figure 11 is a modified form of severed filament gathering mechanism.

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic side elevational view of a periodic yarnabrading mechanism with means for guiding the yarn along a suitable pathduring the periodic abrasion or severing of some of the yarn filaments.

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic front elevational view of a portion of theapparatus shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is an enlarged side elevational detailed view of the abradingcutter shown in Figure 12. Y I

Figure 15 is a front elevational view of Figure 14.

Figures 16 and 17 are, respectively, side and front elevational views ofa modified form of the cutter shown in Figures 14 and 15.

Figure 18 is a photolithographic drawing and shows the contrastingappearance of a yarn in' which a few filaments are severed from the-yarnat intervals along the length thereof, and a similar yarn in which thesevered filaments have been entangled and gathered into bunches se=curely anchored to the remaining unsevered fila= ments;

Referring to Figure l of' the drawings, ref erence numeral 3i designatesa cone orbobbin of yarn composed of continuous artificial filaments. Theyarn 33 is drawn from the cone (it, through yarn guides 35 and Si, andbetween spring-pressed tension plates 39 and it. The yarn is then passedthrough yarn guides Q3, Q5 and ii. A rotating abrading or filamentsevering mechanism $9 is positioned adjacent the traveling yarn betweenguides it audit). The abrading or severing element 56 of the abrad ingmechanism it rotates about the shaft 53. Upon rotation of the elementtil, the latter is forced into periodic contact with the yarn andbreaks, tears or cuts a number of the continuous filaments of the yarnat intervals along the' yarn.

The abraded yarn is guided through a filament gathering or collectingmechanism bymeans of guides ii and 55. The filament gathering mechanisin comprises a plurality of sets of rollers iii, 5'5; 58, as; 6|,iii; and 63, 63. Each of these rollers is provided with a covering of aresilient, yieldable material such as plush, pile carpet material, softfelt or the like on them:- ternal periphery thereof. Each set of rollersis mounted for rotation on parallel shafts with the external peripheralfaces in alignment with each other. spaced from each other thatthe'resilient covering material on the external surfaces of the tworollers will be in definite contact with each other and, therefore, incontact with the yarn which is made to pass between-themL If desired, asuitable yarn guide such as shown at ll and 55 may be positioned betweeneach set of rollers.

Some of the rollers will be rotatedto cause the resilient coveringthereon to rub along the and other of the rollers will be-rotated tocause guides M and IS. A yarn abrading wheel 18 is positioned betweenyarn guides 14 and 16. The abrading wheel rotates on shaft 80, thedirection of rotation being either in the direction of travel of theyarn or in the opposite direc tion. The wheel I8 is provided with anabrading element 32 on the external periphery of the wheel. The element82 may consist of any device or material, for example, sandpaper oremery cloth, which will sever only a limited number of the filaments ofthe yarn when passed into contact with the latter. The element 82 ispositioned on the wheel 18 to project from the wheel axis a greaterdistance than the other external peripheral portions of the wheel. Theabraded yarn is then passed over guide rollers (it and 86 and thencethrough yarn guides 88 and 9t.

Between guides 88 and 90, the yarn is subjected to a brushing or rubbingaction by" a filament gathering or collecting mechanism. The filamentgathering or collecting mechanism comprises two reciprocating members 92and 94. Member 92 is provided with a yieldable, resilient brushingmaterial 96 on the side which faces member 94: Similarly,'member 94 isprovided with a brushing material 98 on the side facing member at. The.abraded yarn is passed between the members 92 and 96; these members arethen rapidly reciprocated in unison, first V in one direction and thenin the opposite direc- The two rollersv of each set are so the resilientcovering thereon to rubalong the yarn in a direction counter to. themovement of The severed filament ends, are thereway alternate sets ofrollers cause rubbing on the yarn in opposite directions along themoving yarn.

The yarn, after passing through guide 55, is passed through guide 65 andis then wound on a bobbin or spool 61. The yarn winding mechanism will,of course, be provided with a yarn traversing mechanism (not shown) towind the yarn in even and uniform layers on to the bobbin.

In the modified form of abrading and collecting apparatus shown inFigure 2 of the drawings the continuous filament yarn 33 is drawn fromthe cake or cone 3|; passed through yarn guide 10, and thence through aconventional washboard tensioning device 12 and yarn tion with theyieldable, resilient brushing material ofboth members in contact withthe yarn. The severed ends of the filaments are accumulated andentangled in a compact bunch or nub and are securely anchored to theunsevered filaments by the action of the members 92 and M on the abradedyarn; The yarn is then wound on a filaments of the yarn'atspacedintervals along the length thereof. To prevent the yarn 33 from whippingand-becoming entangled, a cylindrical member M5 is preferably positionedwithin the normal ballooning path of the yarn, as illustrated. Insteadofthe cylindrical member I05 a frusto-conical member III! or asemi-spherical member )9 such as shown respectively in Figures 6 and 7may be used. The normal ballooning path of the yarn and the way in whichthe abrading members I03 deflect the yarn from this normal path areillustrated in Figure 4. This type of device has particular utilitywhere the abrading of the yarn filaments and the gathering andcollecting of the yarn filaments are combined with a yarn twistingoperation.

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a modified form of the apparatus shown inFigures 3, 4, and 5. In this modification the yarn is periodicallyabraded by abrading members I l I attached to the top edge of acylindrical member Ill, which in turn is attached to the flange of thespool H3. The spool H3 is rotated by ..means of spindle H5 which causesthe thread to balloon against the abrading members I l I. Thismodification causes an abrasion of the yarn from the inside of the yarnballoon in a device which combines a twisting of the yarn with theabrading and compacting of the filaments. I

Figure illustrates a slightly modified form of yarn abrading andfilament gathering, entangling and compacting mechanism. In this devicethe yarn- 33, under tension, is passed against yarn guides I2! and I23.A leaf spring member I25, tipped with anabrading element I21,intermittently contacts the yarn as it passes between guides IZIand I23.The leaf spring member I25 is forced out of contact with the yarn bymeans of a striker bar I19 fastened to reciprocating member MI. Theabraded yarn then passes between members I3I and I33 which arereciprocated in unison with each other. The members I3I and I33 areprovided with spaced nubs which are securely anchored to the remainingunsevered filaments. I

The following specific example is given to illustrate the proceduralsteps of the process of this invention as applied to a particular yarn:I Regenerated cellulose yarn produced by the viscose process, having '3turns per inch twist, and composed of 100 filaments of one denier each,is passed through suitable tensioning and guiding devices to impose aconstant tension of about 45 grams on the yarn between guides 43 and 45as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. Theyarn under tension, travelingat a rate of 6000 inches per minute, is passed adjacent a yieldable,resilient brushing pads I35 which push or shirr and entangle the severedends of the filaments into a compact bunch which is anchored to theunsevered filaments. provided on both sides of members I3I and I33, sothat these members may be turned when one side becomes worn.

Figure 11 illustrates another modified form of filament gathering orcollecting mechanism. In this form of device a plurality of spacedyieldable, resilient pads I35 is attached to the links of a pair ofchains I3'I.v The chains I3I travel about rotating sprocket wheels I39.One chain is positioned on each side of the traveling yarn 33, and thesections of the two chains adjacent to the yarn are preferably made totravel in opposite directions. The chain traveling in the direction ofmovement of the yarn may have a greater or lesser speed than the chainmoving counter to the direction of travel of the yarn.v

Pads I35 are The latter chain may, in fact, be substantially stationaryor even move very slowly in the same direction as the former.

Figures 12 to 15 show an intermittent yarn abrading mechanism in whichthe abrading element MI is fastened to rotating supporting member I43.The supporting member I43 is mounted on a rotating shaft I45. Theelement MI is fastened to member I43 between clamping elements in anydesired manner. The element I4I, when the supporting member is rotated,intermittently passes into contact with the yarn and, as a consequence,tears or cuts a number of filaments of the yarn. In this modification itis preferred that the yarn be made to travel along a line which makes asubstantial angle, for example, 20 to 50, with the face of the cutter soas to prevent the slipping of the filaments from the abrading elementwithout sever ing the same.

Figures 16 and 17 show a modified form of .device in which the abradingelement comprises passed against the yarn, pick out a number offilaments and sever the same upon continued rotation of element I41- Thephotolithographic drawing, Figure 18, illustrates a yarn in which a fewfilaments of the yarn have been intermittently severed but in which thesevered filaments have not been gathered into bunches or nubs.Thisfigure also shows .thenovel appearance-of a yarn in which a fewfilaments have been periodically severed and the'severedfilament endsgathered or collected, and entangled compact bunches or suitableabrading mechanism which is rotated at a speed of 2000 to 3000 R. P..M.and, therefore, is adapted to make an abrading contact with the yarn atspaced intervals of 2 to 3 inches. Each abrading contact of the abradingelement with the yarn is adapted to sever a portion of the filaments,for example, from 10 to 40 or more. The abraded yarn is then passedbetween a plurality of pairs of pile carpet covered gathering orcollecting rolls, each pair of rolls being positioned on opposite sidesof the traveling yarn as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. All of therolls are rotated at a linear peripheral speed of approximately 21,000inches per minute. The direction of rotation of both of the first*pair.of rolls is such as to brush the yarn in the direction of travel of thelatter. Both of the second pair of rolls are rotated in a direction tobrush the thread counter to the direction of travel thereof. The thirdand fourth pairs of rolls are, respectively, duplicates, as to directionof rotation, of the first andsecond pairs of rolls.

The abraded and brushed yarn, produced as a result of this treatment,contains, at spaced in-- tervals of 2 to 3 inches, nubs or bunches ofcompact, severed, entangled filament ends which are securely anchored toand entwined with unsevered filaments. The appearance is similar to thatof the abraded and collected filament yarn shown in thephotolithographic figure of the drawings.

As will clearly appear from the various specific embodiments of theinvention illustrated, many types and'kinds of abrading devices can beutilized in accordance with the present invention. The contact of theyarn with the abrading surface should, however, be intermittent. Theabrading surface may be brought into contact with the yarn byany'suitable reciprocating, oscillating, rotating or similarlyfunctioning mechanism which Will operate to bring the two into contactwith each other intermittently.

The most satisfactory severing means comprises certain types of abradingdevices embodying the idea of periodically forcing relatively sharpabrading surfaces into the tensioned yarn which is traveling relative tothe abrading surface. Surfaces having projecting points, such asvcarborundum stone, diamond dust or a garnet impregnated surface,sandpaper, a plurality of no-set teeth is meant that the teeth all liein substantially the same plane and the faces of the teeth approachingthe yarn have no hooks and are substantially straight. It is to beunderstood, however, that while certain types of abrasive or projectingsurfaces are preferred, other severing means may be used. For instance,more or less sharp continuous cutting edges may be used, providing thenumber of filaments severed are a fractional number of the filaments atany one point along the yarn.

The speed of the yarn, the tension on the yarn, the frequency with whichthe yarn contacts the severing member, and the character and time ofcontact of the contacting surface of the severing member will determinethe extent and distribution of the severed filaments and the spacing andsize of the nubs subsequently collected. It is desired that the yarn .bebut periodically abraded, quite unlike the artificial woolly yarnproduced heretofore, for only then will it be possible to collect andentangle the loose filament ends as discrete, well-anchored nubs. manyas 10 or more points of severance per inch of yarn may be made, butgenerally not more,

than 2 or 3 outs per inch are desired. One out every 2 or 3 inches alongthe yarn is preferred; however, one out every 5 or inches of yarn hasbeen found to be satisfactory for many purposes, depending on thecharacter of the fabric to be made. When the points of abrasion arecomparatively far apart, for example, 5 or more inches, it is importantthat the time of contact between the abrasion means and the yarn becomparatively short to prevent the formation of a plurality of nubsbetween points of abrasion. The time of contact of the abrading elementcan be shortened in any desired manner such as by decreasing thediameter of the abrading roll, increasing the speed, etc.

An intermittent roughening of the yarn by abrading during the ballooningof the yarn on both uptwisters and downtwisters where the abrasivecutting is substantially at right angles to the movement of the yarn hasbeen found to be quite satisfactory. The abrading elements positionedabout the circular path of the balloon normally should be few, forexample, not more than 3 or 4, depending on the circumference of theballooning circle and the amount of twist bein inserted in the yarn, sothat the yarn will not be very noticeably fuzzsd. Because of thefluctuating balloon size on a ring twister as the ring rail rises andfalls, abrading on an uptwister is preferred if a high degree ofuniformity is desired, or a stabilizing device may be employed to makethe diameter of the balloon more constant than is characteristic of somestandard ring twisting equipment.

Likewise, the broken, torn or otherwise severed filament ends may bebrushed, rolled, shirred or otherwise gathered or collected, andentangled, to form a compact bunch or nub which is securely anchored tothe unsevered filaments by innumerable types and designs of apparatus.It is only necessary that the yarn contacting surfaces of the gatheringor collecting device have sufficient resiliency and yieldability topermit their forcing of the filament ends into a compact bunch withoutmaterially damaging the unsevered filaments. It is preferred, in orderto obtain a yarn having firm, compact, and securely anchored nubs orbunches, to employ apparatus in which the .gathering or collectingsurfaces move along the yarn in both directions along its length. Thegathering or collecting surfaces may, however, be moved in such a way asto brush across the path of yarn travel. The nubs or bunches thus formedalong the yarn will generally be located intermediate the points atwhich the filaments 'are severed.

By moistening the yarn with water or aqueous or non-aqueous finishes,textile dopes, etc., in the course of collection of the nubs,still'further improvement in the product can be obtained and the nubsare thus prevented from loosening during subsequent textile handling.

Preferably, the speed of movement of the gathering or collectingsurfaces should be relatively fast, dependent of course on the speed ofyarn traveliand the degree of compactness and anchorage desired. Byincreasing the pressure between the gathering or collecting surfaces, byincreasing the number of the gathering or collecting devices, byincreasing the length of the contacting surface of the collectingdevice, or by using a twisted pile fabric such as a chenilleconstruction, rather than a straight pile as in mohair, for collectingdevice surfaces, the ease of collection, together with the formation oftight, well-anchored nubs is improved. The resilient, yieldable surfacesof the gathering or collecting devices may be continuous ordiscontinuous.

The yarn contacting surfaces when used in the collection of the severedfilament ends may be any suitable material which will cause the filamentends to be pushed and entangled backward or forward into nubs. Aresilient, non-packing surface is preferred, such ascertain types ofpile fabrics, for instance, broadloom carpet, wool pelt, flannel, felt,etc., although short bristle brushes, providing the bristles are not toohard and stiff, roughened soft rubber or sponge rubber, or other spongyor opened surface materials'can be used satisfactorily.

The yarn produced in accordance with this invention is illustratedpictorially on the photolithographlc figure of the drawings. It is to benoted that the severed filament ends have been entangled and collectedand the yarn has retained the general appearance of a continuousfilament yarn except-for the nubs themselves. This is entirely differentfrom the Woolly yarns produced heretofore. The average length of thefilaments in the yarn is at least one yard, and in general several yardsin length. As a result of the long filaments in the yafn, the strengthretained in the nubby yarn of the present invention is generally about60% to its original strength.

As previously pointed out, only relatively few filaments, that is, lessthan 50% and preferably from 10% to 30% of the filaments in the yarn,

are severed each time the yarn contacts the severing member, and of thesevered filaments, at least a few filaments continue on several feetbefore they are severed again. It is, therefore, possible to gather andentangle by rolling, sliding or shirring, backward and/or forward alongthe yarn, the filament ends to form relatively compact filamentousbunches or nubs that are exceedingly well anchored, since the other endsof the filaments which are severed extend well along the yarn and serveas anchorage for the filamentous collection. Inasmuch as the nubs areformed by piling up the filament ends from both sides of the nub, it isanchored in two directions, and numerous textile tests have proved theanchorage sufficient to withstand the usual operations involved inmaking a fabric. These and other nubs purposely formed and spaced inaccordance with this invention are in sharp contrast to fluff ballssometimes encountered in yarns due to the accidental accumulation of oneor more broken filaments which easily slip along the yarn and are easilyremoved therefrom by cutting.

Because this yarn is preferably made from uniform denier yarn, the nubportions are just as fine and soft as the rest of the y rn. Theinvention permits the use of fine denier, fine filament yarn, such as100 denier100 filament yarn, with the attendant advantages of softness,Sheerness, and excellent draping qualities. Even though the filamentscomprising the body and nub portions of the yarn are all substantiallyconstant in denier, the variation between the denier or diameter of thebase yarn and the nub portions is practically unlimited, the nubs being,for example, only 50% or 100% larger in diameter, or as much as 3, 5, 10or even 20 times larger in diameter.

Preferably, the nubs in the yarn are spaced from /g inch to 5 or 6inches apart. The nubs may, however, be spaced very far apart, forexample, 10, 15, 20 inches or more, if desired. The length of the nubmay vary widely, but generally, from 5 inch to inch or more.Furthermore, the nubs may be spaced a uniform distance from each otheror they may be spaced at greatly varying distances from each other.

The invention may additionally be applied to continuous filament yarnswherein the filaments are non-uniform in denier to further increase thevariety of novelty yarns. If the severing and collecting steps are soregulated, still greater variations in denier may be produced on yarnsalready varying as much as 1000% or moie, or by means of this inventionfilamentous nubs may be interspaced between the nodes or blobs alreadycontained in the yarn,

The invention is applicable to all types of continuous filament yarns,such as cellulosic yarns made from viscose, cuprammonium cellulose,cellulose esters, for instance, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate,cellulose butyrate, mixed esters such as cellulose aceto-propionate orcellulose aceto-butyrate, cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose,ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, or glycol cellulose or celluoseether-esters; or continuous filament yarns produced from casein or otherproteins, or from synthetic polymers or resins such as polyvinylacetals, thermoplastic filaments such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chlorideor polymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, ethyl methacrylate,styrene, polythene, polyvinyl formal, synthetic linear polymers such asnylon, and the like, and natural silk, The yarn may be of any size andcomposed of very fine filaments such 'as one denier or less, or oflarger filament sizes such as 2 to 4 denier or more. For instance,viscose rayon yarns of the following sizes and filament count: 75denier40 filament, 100 denier-100 filament, 100 denier-60 filament, 150denier-450 filament, and 250 denier-150 filavment, lend themselvesadmirably to the process of this invention.

This invention can be applied simply and cheaply to modify any uniformdenier continuous filament yarn, whether wound in the form of cones,spools or other finished package, or in the form of bucket or bobbincakes or twister spools, or other preliminarily wound packages. Thevariability of this process to produce any desired pattern of nubby yarnadds greatly to its utility and since the invention is applicable to allsorts of continuous filamentary y this affords additional manipulationof fabric construction to produce, for example, unusual coloring orcross dyeing effects.

The yarn produced in accordance with this invention is admirably suitedfor the fabrication of high quality, fine'weight, novelty fabricspossessing an excellent hand, very attractive appearance, and gooddraping qualities. Such fabrics have a very pleasing, refinedappearance, and a desired Sheerness, which has heretofore beenimpossible without sacrificing the novelty effect. The yarn of thisinvention may be used 'eitherfin the filling or warp, or in both, in theproduction of woven goods, or as a knitting yarn. As a filling yarn forcrepe fabrics, this yarn serves admirably and noticeably enriches thefabric.

The nubby yarn produced by means of this invention may be plied, as bytwisting the same together with one or more continuous filaments or spunyarns of the same type, for example, viscose rayon nubby yarn plied withuniform denier continuous filament viscose 'rayon yarn. In addition, thenubby yarn of this invention may-be combined in any suitable way withone or more yarns of another type, for instance, by combining the nubbyviscose rayon yarn with a continuous filament cellulose acetate yarn, orby combining two or more of these nubby yarns, one of which may beviscose rayon andthe other cellulose acetate. The mixed yarns may beused in the preparation of woven or knitted fabrics or in conjunctionwith other yarns in woven fabrics; e. g., in either warp or filling.Additional novel effects may be obtained by using this nubby yarn andother types of yarn intermittently in either the warp or filling, orboth, or by feeding different yarns in alternation into the knittingmachine.

Since many changes and modifications can be made in the above-describeddetails without departing fromthe nature and spirit of themvention, itis to be understood that the invention is not to be limited except asset forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a continuous filamentyarn at intervals along the length thereof, and gathering and entanglingthe end portions of said severed, filaments into spaced compact bunchesalong the length of other of the filaments of the yarn remainingunsevered at said intervals.

2. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a continuous filamentyarn at intervals along the length thereof, and gathering and entanglingthe end portions of said severed filaments into spaced compact bunchesthereby anchoring the same to other of the filaments of the yarnunsevered at said intervals;

3. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a yarn at spacedpoints along the length thereof, rubbing the resilient yieldablematerial in bothdirections along the length of a yarn containing severedfilaments with a sufiiciently drastic rubbing action to gather andentangle the end portions of said severed filaments into spaced compactbunches and anchor the same to other of the filaments of the yarnremaining unsevered at said points.

' points.

5. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a yarn at spacedpoints along the length thereof, moving the yarn containing severedfilaments along a predetermined path, rubbing a resilient yieldablematerial 'along saidyarn counter to the direction of travel of said yarnwith a sufiiciently drastic rubbing action to gather and entangle theend portions of said severed filaments into spaced compact bunches andanchor the same to other of the filaments of the yarn remainingunsevered at said points.

6.. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for intermittently severing some of the filaments of saidyarn, and resilient, yieldable yarn contacting means for gathering andentangling the severed ends of said filaments into compact bunches.

7. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, abrading means for intermittently severing some of the filamentsof said yarn, and resilient, yieldable yarn contacting means forgathering and entangling the severed ends of said filaments into compactbunches.

8. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, a saw blade having more than 10 straight-faced no-set teeth perinch for severing some of the filaments of said yarn, and resilient,yieldable yarn contacting means for gathering and entangling theseveredends of said filaments into compact bunches.

9. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, a saw blade having 10 to 50 teeth per inch for severing some ofthe filaments of said yarn, and resilient, yieldable yarn contactingmeans for gathering and entangling the severed ends of said filamentsinto compact bunches.

10. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for intermittently severing some of the filaments of saidyarn, and resilient, yieldable brushing means for gathering andentangling the severed ends of said filaments into compact bunches.

11. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for intermittently severing some of the filaments of saidyarn, and pile fabric mean for gathering and entangling the severed endsof said filaments into compact bunches.

12. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for moving said yarn along a predetermined path, means forplacing said yarn under tension, means for intermittently severing someof the filaments 01' said yarn, resilient, yieldable yarn contactingmeans, and means for moving said yarn contacting means along said yarnwith a sufficiently drastic rubbing action to gather and entangle theend portions of said severed filaments into spaced compact bunches andanchor the sameto other of the filaments of the yarn remaining unseveredat said points.

13. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for moving said yarn alon a predetermined path, means forplacing said yarn under tension, means for intermittently severing someof the filaments of said yarn, resilient, yieldable yarn contactingmeans, and means for moving said yarn contacting means along said yarnin the direction of movement of said yarn with a sufliciently drasticrubbing action to gather and entangle the end portions of said severedfilaments into spaced compact bunches and anchor the same to other ofthe filaments of the yarn remaining unsevered at said points.

14. In an apparatus for the production of yarn containing filamentousnubs, means for moving said yarn along a predetermined path.

means for placing said yarn under tension,

means for intermittently severing some of the filaments of said yarn,resilient, yieldable yarn contacting means, and means for moving saidyarn contacting means along said yarn counter tothe direction ofmovement of said yarn with a sufiiciently drastic rubbing action togather and entangle the end portions of said severed filaments intospaced compact bunches and anchor the same to other of the filaments ofthe yarn remaining unsevered at said points.

15. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a yarn at spacedpoints along the length thereof, passing the yarn containing severedfilaments into contact with a resilient yieldable surface with asufficiently drastic rubbing action to gather and entangle the endportionslof said severed filaments into 1 spaced compact bunches andanchor the same to other of the filaments of the yarn remainingunsevered at said points.

16. A process for the production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a yarn at spacedpoints along the length thereof, passing the yarn containing severedfilaments into contact with a resilient fibrous material with asufficiently drastic rubbing action to gather and entangle the endportions of said severed filaments into spaced compact bunches andanchor the same to other of the filaments of theyarn remaining unseveredat said points.

17. A process forthe production of yarn containing filamentous nubswhich comprises severing some of the filaments of a yarn at spacedpoints along the length thereof, passing the yarn containing severedfilaments into contact with a pile fabric with a sufliciently drasticrubbing action to gather and entangle the end portions of said severedfilaments into spaced compact bunches and anchor,the same to other ofthe filaments of the yarn remaining unsevered at said points.

ARCHIBALD STUART HUNTER.

